If you’re considering installing a solar water heater, you’re definitely on the right track. Solar water heaters are great for the environment and can save you a lot of money in the long run. So, before you make a decision, it’s important to understand how they work and the benefits and drawbacks. In this article, we’ll explain everything you need to know about the solar water heater.
What is a Solar Water Heater System?
You might have an idea about the conventional water heaters that use electricity or gas to heat potable water for your showers, dishwasher, and other household tasks. These traditional options often come with hefty energy bills and contribute to greenhouse gas emissions.
Solar water heaters, on the other hand, use the energy from the sun to heat water for household or industrial use. It typically consists of a solar collector and a storage tank.
This type of heater provides an economical and environmentally friendly solution for heating water. However, its effectiveness may vary depending on climate and location.
Types of Solar Water Heating Systems
The Active solar water heaters
Active solar water heaters use pumps to circulate the water through the system. Active systems’ main advantage is that they can be used in colder climates where the sun isn’t always out.
Active systems typically consist of two types:
- Direct systems: In direct systems, the pump circulates potable water through the solar collector and directly into the home for use.
- Indirect systems: Indirect systems usually use a glycol solution (heat exchanger) to collect solar energy and transfer it to a separate closed-loop system that contains potable water. The glycol mixture prevents freezing and is ideal for locations with long periods of freezing temperatures.
Passive solar water heaters
On the other hand, passive solar water heaters rely on convection to circulate potable water. It means that hot water rises and cold water sinks, allowing for natural circulation. Plus, passive systems don’t require any pumps or electric controls to function, making them more cost-efficient and easier to maintain.
Passive systems also have two types:
- Integral collector solar heaters usually have one or more black storage tanks or tubes inside an insulated box. These devices are usually installed on a south-facing wall or roof. As sunlight hits the black storage tanks or tubes, they absorb heat, then transfer to the potable water in the storage tank.
- Passive thermosyphon systems rely on metal flat plate collectors to absorb heat and warm up small water batches. You will have instant access to hot water at your faucets when the hot water at the top of the batch collector flows down from your roof. Plus, with a typical capacity of 40 gallons, these systems can provide plenty of hot water for everyday use.
Advantages of Solar Water Heaters
- A great way to save money on your energy bill due to use renewable energy (electricity).
- They can potentially increase the resale value of your property.
- Reduce the dependence on non-renewable energy sources and lower greenhouse gas and carbon emissions.
- Qualify for tax credits and incentives in some areas.
Disadvantages of Solar Water Heaters
- The upfront installation costs can be expensive but may be offset by long-term energy savings.
- Not effective in climates with limited sunlight or frequent cloudy days.
- Require an additional heating source during winter or periods of low sun.
- Can’t power your entire home; they only provide hot water.
An illustration of a solar system powering home appliances
The Right Solar Water Heater For You
- Direct systems are suitable for areas with plenty of sunlight.
- Indirect systems are better for cold climates.
- Consider investing in indirect systems if you want double-duty from your solar water heater. You can also use heat transfer fluid to heat your home.
- Integral passive can benefit families since producing multiple batches of heated water will provide adequate hot water production for everyday use.
- If you have limited ground space, a roof-mounted passive thermosyphon system can be a great option and free up more space in your living area.
It would be best to consider other factors, such as how much sunlight your region receives, how much hot water production you typically need, how much space you have for installation and your financial estimate.
To compare the different brands, you should also look at the SRCC ratings and certification programs that provide third-party expert data on the efficiency and performance of solar water heaters.
How Much Does a Solar Hot Water Heater Cost?
- How Much Does a Solar Water Heater Cost by Size?
The cost is not just for equipment but also installation. Overall, the essential parts for your solar water heater system can range from $1,000 to $4,000. Additional costs may include plumbing, backup heaters, or control switches. The number and size of solar panels will also play a role in the overall cost, with each panel costing $800 – $1,500.
Labor costs can also play a significant role in the overall installation cost, with the hourly rate for installation being $70 per hour. The amount of time required for installation can vary based on solar energy factors such as:
- Your system’s size
- Size of your house
- Solar resources of your region
- The placement of your solar tube collectors
- Whether or not you need to heat a swimming pool
Then a solar heating professional will likely calculate the necessary tank size and the number of solar panels needed. On average, a 50-gallon tank with a 40-square-foot collector can cost around $2,000 for labor and tools. A larger 80-gallon tank suitable for a family of four, with a 60-square-foot collector, can cost around $3,000. And a 120-gallon tank for a larger family of five or six, with up to 80 square feet of collection panels, can cost around $4,000.
Ultimately, a solar water heater’s cost will vary based on your hot water system’s size and specifics. Still, it can be a worthwhile investment with potential savings on utility bills and environmentally friendly benefits.
Worker fixing solar water heater on the roof
Available rebates and incentives
In addition to saving money on your utility bills, federal and state incentives are available to help offset the initial cost of purchasing and installing a solar water heater. These incentives can vary based on location, so it is important to check with your local government or utility company to see what is available in your area.
The federal Residential Renewable Energy Tax Credit offers up to 30% of the cost of installing a solar heating system, with no cap on the credit amount. Many local governments and utility companies also offer rebates or special discounts for installing solar system.
Renewable energy production tax credits and incentives
Solar Water Heating Systems vs. House Solar Panel Systems
Solar water heaters and home solar panel systems are two very different technologies that serve two very different purposes. The Solar water heaters are specifically for heating your home’s water, while solar panel systems generate electricity for your entire home.
The current trend is to use a solar panel system because it requires less operating costs and can cover energy costs for your home, not just hot water production.
So, a home solar panel system is likely your best bet if you live in a sunny climate and your goal is to lower your monthly electric bill. If you live in a colder climate and your goal is to have a reliable backup source of hot water, then a solar water heater might be the way to go.
A photovoltaic system on a roof
Best Solar Water Heaters
Deciding on the best solar water heater for your home will depend on your warm water needs, climate, and budget. Some top solar water heating brands include:
Rheem Passive Solar Water Heater
The Rheem is a great option if you’re looking for a cost-effective and reliable solar water heater. It has a solar rating certification of 1.3 to 1.5, making it one of the most efficient on the thermal market. Plus, it’s backed by a reliable manufacturer with years of experience.
The only downside is that it doesn’t have a controller, so you’ll need to be careful about keeping an eye on your water temperature.
Sunbank
Sunbank is an energy-efficient heater that is perfect for businesses or households and comes with a 10-year warranty on the collectors. The SRCC certification means you’re eligible for the 26% federal solar tax credit, and at 43,000 BTUs, this unit can provide plenty of heat for your home or office.
Plus, it’s designed with 30 evacuated tube solar collectors and a corrosion-resistant aluminum mounting bracket for maximum efficiency and durability.
Duda Solar Heater
This luxurious heater is made with high-quality materials and is designed for coastal climates and those with pollution issues. And with 94% efficiency, you know you’re getting the most out of your solar energy. Plus, the included timer makes it easy to back up electric water heating in case of emergencies.
This top-of-the-line model also includes a 3-year warranty, which is shorter than average but still reassuring that you’re investing in a quality product. Just be aware that this solar water heater isn’t designed for freezing temperatures.
The Apricus WOMBAT Solar Heater
The Apricus Heater has an efficiency rating of about 93%. Plus, it’s perfect for cooler climates, as it can act as a stand-alone water heater. And if you live in a warmer climate, it can also pre-heat your electric water heater.
The evacuated tube collectors provide a sleek design, and the tank is conveniently mounted above. As the water is heated, it rises into the tank for easy use. This model comes in sizes ranging from 40 to 80 gallons, so you can find one that fits your needs.
Summary
Now that you know everything about solar water heaters and home solar panel systems, you can decide what type of renewable energy is best for your home. Remember to research local rebates and tax credits that may be available to help offset the initial cost. And as always, consult with a professional before making any major purchases or installations. Reach out to us with any questions.
